Ecology deals with the scientific study of interactions between the organisms and with abiotic components of the environment. It includes Distribution, diversity, biomass and the interactions of the organisms within and among  their ecosystems. Ecosystem processes primary production, pedogenesis, moment of the materials and energy with respective to the Environment

Toxicology is a common science that deals with toxins and their effect and with the problems involved such as clinical, industrial, or legal problems .Toxicity experiments may be conducted in vitro by testing on isolated cells or tissues or in silico through computer simulation or in vivo by using the whole animal.The experimental tool of toxicology is testing on animals. An example of a model organism is Galleria mellonella, which can replace small mammals for studying toxicity in vivo. As of 2014, such animal testing provides information that is not available by other means about how substances function in a living organism.

Pollution control can be defined as the intermixing of contaminants into the natural resources leading to their degradation. Methods of air pollution control can be divided into two categories: the control of particulate emissions and the control of gaseous emissions. The term particulate can be defined as tiny particles of matter such as smoke, soot, and dust that are released during industrial, agricultural, or other activities. Gaseous emissions are industrial products such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen also released during various manufacturing operations. 

Occupational health and safety deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace. It has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. The health of the workers has several determinants, that includes risk factors at the workplace leading to cancers, accidents, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, hearing loss, circulatory diseases, stress related disorders and communicable diseases and others. The goals of occupational safety and health programs is to include and foster a safe and healthy environment for the workers. Occupational health deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. 

Life Sciences encompasses several divisions of science, such as zoology, botany, microbiology, or ecology, that deal with alive organisms and their organization, life processes, and relationships to each other and their environment. Life sciences plays a prominent role in expanding opportunity for discovery, global impact, and financial support. Progress in the life sciences, including genome sequencing and high-throughput experimentation, offers an opportunity for understanding biology and medicine from a systems perspective.

Biology is a common science that includes an aggregation with existing organisms, including their physical, chemical structures, function, development and evolution. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation of new species.Biology developed quickly with Anton van Leeuwenhoek's dramatic improvement of the microscope. A central organizing concept in biology is that life changes and develops through evolution, and that all life-forms known have a common origin. Genes are the primary units of inheritance in all living organisms. A gene is a basic unit of heredity and corresponds to a region of DNA that influences the form or function of an organism in specific ways.

Biomedical sciences are a set of applied sciences applying either by natural science or formal science or both, to knowledge, interventions, or technology that are of use in healthcare or public health. Enhancements in healthcare continue to be determined by dramatic advances in the basic biosciences. Biomedical science is poised to make valuable contributions to the fields of both biology and medicine and many moves on to the findings in the field of biology that have important effects in the medical world.

Biotechnology is the technical application of the living organisms, systems and their biological processes in order to alter or modify their products for a specific use. Based on the equipment used and the method of application biotechnology relates with the fields like bioengineering, biomedical engineering, bio manufacturing, molecular engineering, etc. Earlier it was farmers, who applied the field of biotechnology practically in agriculture, food production, and medicine. Later it got sophisticated with good scope and advanced applications which included a wide range of new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests

Toxicity testing of new compounds is essential for drug development process. The preclinical toxicity testing on various biological systems reveals the species-, organ- and dose- specific toxic effects of an investigational product. There are distinct types of toxicological analyses that are conducted for different purposes. They include forensic toxicological analysis, workplace drug testing, clinical analysis or hospital drug testing. A toxicity test, by extension, is designed to generate data concerning the adverse effects of a substance on human or animal health, or the environment. Most of the toxicity tests examine specific types of adverse effects, known as endpoints, such as eye irritation or cancer. Other tests are more general in nature, ranging from acute (single-exposure) studies to repeat dose (multiple-exposure) studies, in which animals are administered daily doses of a test substances.